The Nhohnhehr Programming Language
Version 1.0 | Wiki entry @ esolangs.org | See also: Flobnar ∘ Wunnel ∘ Gemooy ∘ Jolverine
Nhohnhehr is a remotely fungeoid esoteric programming language designed by Chris Pressey between December 4 and December 8, 2010.
Overview
A Nhohnhehr program consists of a single object called a room, which is a 2-dimensional, square grid of cells of finite, and usually small, extent. To emphasize its bounds, the single room in a Nhohnhehr program text must be delimited with an ASCII box, in the manner of the following:
+----+
| |
| |
| |
| |
+----+
Arbitrary text, including comments, may occur outside this bounding box; it will not be considered part of the Nhohnhehr program.
Once defined, the contents of a room are immutable. Although only a single room may appear in a program text, new rooms may be created dynamically at runtime and adjoined to the edges of existing rooms (see below for details on how this works.)
Execution of Instructions
In a running Nhohnhehr program there is an instruction pointer. At any given time it has a definite position inside one of the rooms of the program, and is traveling in one of the four cardinal directions. It is also associated with a five-state variable called the edge mode. As the instruction pointer passes over non-blank cells, it executes them, heeding the following meanings:
/ causes the pointer to travel north if it was traveling east,
south if travelling west.
\ causes the pointer to travel north if it was traveling west,
south if travelling east.
= sets wrap edge mode.
& sets copy-room-verbatim edge mode.
} sets copy-room-rotate-cw-90 edge mode.
{ sets copy-room-rotate-ccw-90 edge mode.
! sets copy-room-rotate-180 edge mode.
# causes the instruction pointer to skip over the next cell
(like # in Befunge-93.)
? inputs a bit. If it is 0, rotate direction of travel 90 degrees
counterclockwise; if it is 1, rotate direction of travel 90 degress
clockwise; if no more input is available, the direction of travel
does not change.
0 outputs a 0 bit.
1 outputs a 1 bit.
@ halts the program.
$ only indicates where initial instruction pointer is located;
otherwise it has no effect. The initial direction of travel is east.
Blank cells are NOPs.
Edge Crossing
If the instruction pointer reaches an edge of the room and tries to cross it, what happens depends on the current edge mode:
- In wrap edge mode (this is the initial edge mode), the pointer wraps to the corresponding other edge of the room, as if the room were mapped onto a torus.
- In all other modes, if there already exists a room adjoining the
current room on that edge, the instruction pointer leaves the
current room and enters the adjoining room in the corresponding
position. However, if no such adjoining room exists yet, one will be
created by making a copy of the current room, transforming it
somehow, and adjoining it. The instruction pointer then enters the
new room, just as if it had already existed. The details of the
transformation depend on the edge mode:
- In copy-room-verbatim edge mode, no translation is done.
- In copy-room-rotate-cw-90 edge mode, the copy of the current room is rotated clockwise 90 degrees before being adjoined.
- In copy-room-rotate-ccw-90 edge mode, the copy of the current room is rotated counterclockwise 90 degrees before being adjoined.
- In copy-room-rotate-180 edge mode, the copy of the current room is rotated 180 degrees before being adjoined.
Examples
The following example reads in a sequence of bits and creates a series of rooms, where 1 bits correspond to unrotated rooms and 0 bits correspond to rooms rotated 90 degrees clockwise (though not precisely one-to-one).
+------+
| /}|
|&#/$?@|
| / \&|
| |
| { |
|\\ |
+------+
After reading a 0 bit and leaving the right edge, the room is copied, rotated 90 degrees clockwise, and adjoined, so that the rooms of the program are:
+------+------+
| /}|\ & |
|&#/$?@|\{ # |
| / \&| // |
| | $ |
| { | \?/|
|\\ | &@}|
+------+------+
After leaving the right edge again, the current room is copied, this time rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise, and adjoined, and we get:
+------+------+------+
| /}|\ & | /}|
|&#/$?@|\{ # |&#/$?@|
| / \&| // | / \&|
| | $ | |
| { | \?/| { |
|\\ | &@}|\\ |
+------+------+------+
Say we were to now read in a 1 bit; we would thus have:
+------+------+------+------+
| /}|\ & | /}| /}|
|&#/$?@|\{ # |&#/$?@|&#/$?@|
| / \&| // | / \&| / \&|
| | $ | | |
| { | \?/| { | { |
|\\ | &@}|\\ |\\ |
+------+------+------+------+
It should be fairly clear at this point that this program will read all input bits, creating rooms thusly, terminating when there are no more input bits.
We can write a program that is a variation of the above which, when it encounters the end of input, writes out the bits in the reverse order they were read in, with the following changes:
- for every
1
in the input, a1
comes out - for every
0
in the input,10
comes out - there's an extra
1
at the end of the output
Here is the program:
+------------+
| /} |
|&#/$? \ |
| / \& |
| |
| |
| 0 |
| ! |
| |
| |
| {1 /# |
| { |
|\\@ |
+------------+
Computational Class
The last example in the previous section was written to demonstrate that Nhohnhehr is at least as powerful as a push-down automaton.
The author suspects Nhohnhehr to be more powerful still; at least a linear bounded automaton, but possibly even Turing-complete. A strategy for simulating a Turing machine could be developed from the above examples: create new rooms to represent new tape cells, with each possible orientation of the room representing a different tape symbol. The finite control is encoded and embedded in the possible pathways that the instruction pointer can traverse inside each room. Because rooms cannot be changed once created, one might have to resort to creative measures to "change" a tape cell; for instance, each tape cell might have a "stack" of rooms, with a new room appended to the stack each time the cell is to be "changed".
Source
This document was adapted from the esolangs.org wiki page for Nhohnhehr, which, like all esowiki articles, has been placed under public domain dedication.
Implementation
The Nhohnhehr distribution contains a Nhohnhehr interpreter, written in Python, based on this implementation of Nhohnhehr by Marinus. It is effectively the reference interpreter, since it seems to correctly implement the language described here, and there are, to the best of my knowledge, no other implementations of Nhohnhehr in existence. Like all content from the esowiki, it too is in the public domain.
Commit History
@master
git clone https://git.catseye.tc/Nhohnhehr/
- Update links in "see-also bar". Chris Pressey 10 months ago
- Run tests w/Python 2, or 3, or both, depending on what's available. Chris Pressey 3 years ago
- Merge pull request #2 from catseye/support-python-3 Chris Pressey (commit: GitHub) 3 years ago
- Add "see-also bar" to top of README. Chris Pressey 3 years ago
- Tidy up repository. Chris Pressey 3 years ago
- Use integer division to compute which room it is. All tests pass. Chris Pressey 3 years ago
- Make `bits` an instance attribute of BytesIO. Chris Pressey 3 years ago
- Give NhohnhehrIO object a close() method. Chris Pressey 3 years ago
- Establish some classes to implement the IO system in an OO manner. Chris Pressey 3 years ago
- Run under Python 3, PEP8 style. It does fail one test case though. Chris Pressey 3 years ago