git @ Cat's Eye Technologies Version / 1af7119
Initial import of Version 2001.1211 sources. Cat's Eye Technologies 13 years ago
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doc/license.txt less more
0 Copyright (c)2001, Cat's Eye Technologies.
1 All rights reserved.
2
3 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
4 modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
5 are met:
6
7 Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8 notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9
10 Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
12 the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
13 distribution.
14
15 Neither the name of Cat's Eye Technologies nor the names of its
16 contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
17 from this software without specific prior written permission.
18
19 THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
20 CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
21 INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
22 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
23 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
24 LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY,
25 OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
26 PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA,
27 OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
28 ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
29 OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30 OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
31 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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doc/version.html less more
0 <html><head>
1 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;CHARSET=iso-8859-1">
2 <title>Cat's Eye Technologies: The Version Programming Language</title></head>
3 <body>
4
5 <h1>Version</h1>
6
7 <p><font size=-1>&nbsp;<img src="/images/icons/copyright.gif"
8 align=absmiddle width=12 height=12 alt="(c)" border=0>2001-2004 <a href="/">Cat's Eye Technologies</a>. All rights reserved.<br>
9 This software is OSI Certified Open Source Software.<br>
10 OSI Certified is a certification mark of the <a href="http://www.opensource.org/"><img
11 src="/images/icons/webicon.gif" alt="[WWW]" border=0 width=12 height=12>Open Source Initiative</a>.<br>
12 See the file <a href="license.txt">license.txt</a> for license information.</font></p>
13
14 <h2>What is Version?</h2>
15
16 <p>Version is a programming language based on the concept of
17 <i>ignorance-spaces</i>. An ignorance-space is represented by a
18 pattern (irregular expression.) All instructions in a Version
19 program have a tag or label. Instructions with
20 labels which match the current
21 ignorance-space are ignored. Other instructions are
22 executed sequentially. When the last instruction is reached,
23 execution wraps around to the beginning of the program. The
24 only way to halt a program is to put it in a state in which
25 all instructions will be ignored.</p>
26
27 <p>Other than this ignorance-space, there are no jumping or
28 conditional execution mechanisms in Version.</p>
29
30 <h2>Instructions</h2>
31
32 <p>Each Version instruction must occur on its own line of
33 source code, and looks like:</p>
34
35 <ul>
36 <code><i>label</i>: <i>destination</i> = <i>expression</i></code>
37 </ul>
38
39 <p>The label is a string. The destination is the name of
40 a variable, or a special destination name listed below. The expression
41 may be made up of prefix operators, string variables, and special
42 expression terms, listed below.</p>
43
44 <p>The result of executing an instruction is that a message containing the
45 expression is sent to the destination. If the destination
46 is a variable, this generally results in the state of the
47 variable changing. This may not however hold true under
48 all conditions - future extensions to Version may add further
49 effects under prescribed conditions.</p>
50
51 <h2>Special Destinations</h2>
52
53 <ul>
54 <li><code>OUTPUT</code>
55 <p>Sending a message to OUTPUT causes the datum in question
56 to appear on the standard output communications channel.</p></li>
57
58 <li><code>IGNORE</code>
59 <p>Sending a message to IGNORE constitutes a request to change
60 from the current ignorance-space to a new one.</p></li>
61
62 <li><code>CAT</code>
63 <p>Sending a message to CAT concatenates a value to the last
64 (non-Special) variable assigned (at runtime, not in source code).
65 If there was never a variable assigned, the last variable assigned
66 is considered to be DUANE for some reason.</p></li>
67
68 <li><code>PUT</code>
69 <p>Sending a message to PUT concatenates a value to the <i>name</i> of
70 the last variable, and copies the value from the the last variable to the
71 newly named variable. Used to simulate associative arrays.</p></li>
72
73 <li><code>GET</code>
74 <p>Like PUT, except it copies the value of the newly named variable
75 into the last variable. Note that the name of the last variable does not
76 actually change while using PUT or GET.</p></li>
77
78 </ul>
79
80 <h2>Special Expression Terms</h2>
81
82 <ul>
83 <li><code>INPUT</code>
84 <p>Accessing the name INPUT causes the standard input communications
85 channel to wait for a line of text and return it (complete with trailing
86 newline.)</p></li>
87
88 <li><code>IGNORE</code>
89 <p>Accessing the name IGNORE allows the program to inquire as to the current
90 ignorance-space.</p></li>
91
92 <li><code>EOL</code>
93 <p>The name EOL evaluates to the end-of-line character
94 sequence apropriate for the system.</p></li>
95
96 <li><code>EOF</code>
97 <p>The variable EOF is actually a true variable, so its value can be
98 reset if needed. It takes on the value <code>TRUE</code> (a string) should
99 the end of the standard input channel be reached.</p></li>
100
101 </ul>
102
103 <h2>Functions</h2>
104
105 <ul>
106 <li><code>PRED <i>n</i></code>
107 <p>Returns the predecessor of n, that is the integer that comes before
108 n in the domain of integers, where n is a string containing an integer in
109 decimal notation.</p></li>
110
111 <li><code>SUCC <i>n</i></code>
112 <p>Returns the successor of n, that is the integer that comes after
113 n in the domain of integers, where n is a string containing an integer in
114 decimal notation.</p></li>
115
116 <li><code>CHOP <i>s</i></code>
117 <p>Returns the string s with the last character missing.</p></li>
118
119 <li><code>POP <i>s</i></code>
120 <p>Returns the string s with the first character missing.</p></li>
121
122 <li><code>LEN <i>s</i></code>
123 <p>Returns the length of the string s as a string containing an
124 integer in decimal notation.</p></li>
125
126 </ul>
127
128 <h2>Ignorance-Spaces</h2>
129
130 <p>The current ignorance-space is accessed through the keyword IGNORE,
131 whether as a destination or as a term in an expression.</p>
132
133 <p>The ignorance-space is defined by an irregular expression, which is
134 encoded in a string. An irregular expression is like a regular expression
135 in that it contains special wildcard characters.
136 The wildcard characters resemble those used in MS-DOS.</p>
137
138 <ul>
139 <li><code>?</code> - question mark - match any character</li>
140 <li><code>*</code> - asterisk - match any number of characters</li>
141 <li><code>|</code> - vertical bar - seperate alternatives</li>
142 </ul>
143
144 <p>Any characters, except ":", are allowed in labels, which are
145 case sensitive. The characters "*", "?", and "|", if used,
146 cannot be matched literally (use "?" to match them, or don't use them -
147 for simplicity, wildcard characters cannot be "quoted".)</p>
148
149 <p>So <code>DOG|CAT</code> would match <code>DOG</code>
150 or <code>CAT</code> but not <code>cat</code> or <code>antelope</code>
151 or <code>seahorse</code>. But <code>a*e</code> would match
152 <code>antelope</code>. As would <code>a?t?l?p?</code>.</p>
153
154 <h2>Conventions</h2>
155
156 <p>For reasons that are not well known, the common filename extension for
157 Version source files is <code>_7%</code> (underscore, seven, percent sign).</p>
158
159 <p>Each source line which does not even contain a colon is treated as
160 a comment.</p>
161
162 </body></html>
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eg/adventure._7% less more
0 This is a pretty sad game demo.
1 START: ROOM = "VALLEY|BROOK|GLADE"
2 CONT: IGNORE = ROOM
3 VALLEY: OUTPUT = "You are standing in a valley."
4 HILL: OUTPUT = "You are on top of a hill."
5 BROOK: OUTPUT = "You are by a brook."
6 GLADE: OUTPUT = "You are standing in a sun-dappled glade."
7 ROOM: OUTPUT = EOL
8 ROOM: DIR = CHOP INPUT
9 ROOM: IGNORE = DIR
10 ROOM: MASK = "VAPOURS"
11 N: CAT = "|N"
12 S: CAT = "|S"
13 E: CAT = "|E"
14 W: CAT = "|W"
15 ROOM: IGNORE = MASK
16 N: ROOM = "VALLEY|BROOK|GLADE"
17 S: ROOM = "HILL|BROOK|GLADE"
18 E: ROOM = "VALLEY|HILL|BROOK"
19 W: ROOM = "VALLEY|HILL|GLADE"
20 LASTLY: IGNORE = "START"
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eg/beer._7% less more
0 I: BEER = "99"
1 0: IGNORE = "I"
2 0: OUTPUT = BEER
3 0: OUTPUT = " bottles of beer on the wall,"
4 0: OUTPUT = EOL
5 0: OUTPUT = BEER
6 0: OUTPUT = " bottles of beer,"
7 0: OUTPUT = EOL
8 0: OUTPUT = "Take one down, pass it around,"
9 0: OUTPUT = EOL
10 0: BEER = PRED BEER
11 0: OUTPUT = BEER
12 0: OUTPUT = " bottles of beer on the wall."
13 0: OUTPUT = EOL
14 0: OUTPUT = EOL
15 0: FOO = BEER
16 0: CAT = "|I"
17 0: IGNORE = FOO
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eg/cat._7% less more
0 TRUE: OUTPUT = INPUT
1 TRUE: IGNORE = EOF
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eg/hello._7% less more
0 HELLO: OUTPUT = "Hello, world!"
1 HELLO: OUTPUT = EOL
2 HELLO: IGNORE = "*"
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src/version.pl less more
0 #!/usr/local/bin/perl -w
1
2 # Version, a programming language based on ignorance-spaces
3 # Dec 11 2001, Chris Pressey, Cat's Eye Technologies
4
5 # Copyright (c)2001, Cat's Eye Technologies.
6 # All rights reserved.
7 #
8 # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9 # modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10 # are met:
11 #
12 # Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13 # notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14 #
15 # Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16 # notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
17 # the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
18 # distribution.
19 #
20 # Neither the name of Cat's Eye Technologies nor the names of its
21 # contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
22 # from this software without specific prior written permission.
23 #
24 # THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
25 # CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
26 # INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
27 # MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
28 # DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
29 # LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY,
30 # OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
31 # PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA,
32 # OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
33 # ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
34 # OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
35 # OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
36 # POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
37
38 ### BEGIN version[.pl] ###
39
40 # usage: [perl] version[.pl] version-source-filename
41
42 ### INITIALIZATION ###
43
44 # Open and read source file.
45
46 $|=1;
47 if (open(FILE, $ARGV[0]))
48 {
49 @program = <FILE>;
50 } else
51 {
52 die "Can't open file '$ARGV[0]' for reading";
53 }
54 close FILE;
55
56 # Set initial values of variables.
57
58 $ip = 0; # instruction pointer
59 $ig = ""; # ignore-space
60 $last_var = "DUANE"; # last variable assigned to
61 $ignord = 0; # number of lines ignored
62
63 ### MAIN LOOP ###
64
65 while(1)
66 {
67 $d = $program[$ip]; # fetch line from program
68 if ($d =~ /^(.*?)\:(.*)$/) # if it's an instruction
69 {
70 $lab = $1;
71 $ins = $2;
72 if ($lab !~ /$ig/) # and it's not being ignored
73 {
74 execute($ins); # do it
75 $ignord = 0;
76 } else
77 {
78 $ignord++;
79 }
80 } else
81 {
82 $ignord++;
83 }
84 exit(0) if $ignord > $#program; # halt if all lines are ignored
85 $ip++; # otherwise, keep going and
86 $ip = 0 if $ip > $#program; # wrap around when necessary
87 }
88
89 ### SUBROUTINES ###
90
91 # execute($string) - Execute a line of source code.
92
93 sub execute
94 {
95 my $ins = shift;
96 if ($ins =~ /^\s*(.*?)\s*\=\s*(.*)\s*$/)
97 {
98 $lv = uc $1;
99 $rv = $2;
100 $v = calculate($rv);
101 if ($lv eq 'OUTPUT')
102 {
103 print $v;
104 }
105 elsif ($lv eq 'IGNORE')
106 {
107 $ig = convert_regexp($v);
108 }
109 elsif ($lv eq 'CAT')
110 {
111 $var{$last_var} .= $v;
112 }
113 elsif ($lv eq 'PUT')
114 {
115 $var{$last_var . $v} = $var{$last_var};
116 }
117 elsif ($lv eq 'GET')
118 {
119 $var{$last_var} = $var{$last_var . $v};
120 }
121 else
122 {
123 $var{$lv} = $v;
124 $last_var = $lv;
125 }
126 } else
127 {
128 die "Badly formed instruction '$ins'";
129 }
130 }
131
132 # calculate($string) - Determine the value of an expression.
133
134 sub calculate
135 {
136 my $expr = shift;
137 if ($expr =~ /^\s*\"(.*?)\"\s*$/)
138 {
139 return $1; # it's a literal string
140 } elsif ($expr =~ /^\s*(.*?)\s+(.*)\s*$/)
141 {
142 my $func = uc $1; # it's a function
143 my $rv = $2;
144 my $v = calculate($rv); # recurse; get rest of line first
145
146 if ($func eq 'PRED') # apply appropriate transform
147 {
148 $v = 0+$v-1;
149 return("$v");
150 }
151 elsif ($func eq 'SUCC')
152 {
153 $v = 0+$v+1;
154 return("$v");
155 }
156 elsif ($func eq 'CHOP')
157 {
158 chop $v;
159 return("$v");
160 }
161 elsif ($func eq 'POP')
162 {
163 $v =~ s/^.//s;
164 return("$v");
165 }
166 elsif ($func eq 'LEN')
167 {
168 $v = length($v);
169 return("$v");
170 }
171 else
172 {
173 die "Unknown function $func";
174 }
175 } else # it's an identifier
176 {
177 if (uc($expr) eq 'INPUT') # check if it's a special identifier
178 {
179 my $r = <STDIN>;
180 if (not defined $r)
181 {
182 $var{'EOF'} = 'TRUE';
183 $r = "";
184 }
185 return $r;
186 }
187 elsif (uc($expr) eq 'IGNORE')
188 {
189 return $ig;
190 }
191 elsif (uc($expr) eq 'EOL')
192 {
193 return "\n";
194 }
195 else # not so special, just a variable
196 {
197 $var{$expr} = '' if not defined $var{$expr};
198 return $var{$expr};
199 }
200 }
201 }
202
203 # convert_regexp($string) - Turn a Version irregular expression into
204 # a Perl regular expression
205
206 sub convert_regexp
207 {
208 my $reg = shift;
209 $reg = quotemeta($reg); # make sure any perlisms are caught
210 $reg =~ s/\\\?/\./g; # ?'s become .'s
211 $reg =~ s/\\\*/\.\*\?/g; # *'s become .*?'s
212 $reg =~ s/\\\|/\|/g; # |'s stay as |'s
213 return '^(' . $reg . ')$'; # grouped, with bos and eos symbols
214 }
215
216 ### END of version[.pl] ###