diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+Cosmos Boulders
+===============
+
+
+
+_Play it online [here](https://catseye.tc/installation/Cosmos_Boulders)._
+
+An arcade-style HTML5 minigame built with [immutable data][] and [reducers][] in
+ES5 JavaScript.
+
+Goals
+-----
+
+The main goals are to demonstrate:
+
+* that nested state machines are a good way to describe video games structurally.
+* that reducers are an acceptable way to implement nested extended state machines.
+* that a simple but full-featured arcade game can be described in a few hundred
+ lines of (JavaScript) code.
+
+I say reducers are "acceptable" because I think [Nested Modal Transducers][]
+would be better in several respects. The long-term plan is to write a version
+using them instead, to compare.
+
+Non-goals
+---------
+
+* It's not intended to be a very playable, very original game.
+
+State machine diagram
+---------------------
+
+This diagram was generated by [State Machine Cat](https://state-machine-cat.js.org/)
+from the description in [cosmos-boulders.smcat](doc/cosmos-boulders.smcat).
+While it does not capture every detail, it does show the overall structure.
+
+
+
+Tour of the code
+----------------
+
+The code uses [Immutable.js][] to implement immutable data, and [Redux.js][] to
+implement reducers. Neither library is used so extensively that it couldn't
+be easily eliminated, with the relevant parts of the code written "from scratch".
+
+The code starts with some **utility functions**. These should be fairly
+self-explanatory. Some of them are designed to work with objects and actions
+inside reducers.
+
+There is then a sequence of sections, one for eeach of the following objects:
+**Player, Missile, Boulder, Game**. Each section contains
+
+* (optionally) a "reset" function that takes an object and returns a version
+ of that object which is reset to its starting state
+* a "make" function that returns a new object of that type. It may take
+ some arguments, which influence the created object. This function
+ usually builds on the reset function.
+* a reducer function that takes an object and an action and returns
+ a new object.
+* (optionally) other helper functions that the reducer function uses.
+
+One action that all of the reducers for all of these kinds of objects take,
+is `STEP`, which progresses the state of the entire game by one timeslice
+(usually somewhere around 1/60th of a second).
+
+When a state machine is implemented with a reducer, the "state variable"
+which can take on a finite set of values, is not called `state` as might
+be expected; instead it is called the `mode` of the object. This is to
+avoid confusion between it and the state of the entire object.
+
+The code tries to be very careful about not modifying game state data in
+the reducer functions, to the extent that it does not even overwrite
+local variables; instead it introduces a new local variables (called e.g.
+`game2`, `game3`, etc.) and places the new value in it. (i.e., in ES6
+JavaScript, these locals could all be declared `const`.)
+
+The section for **InputContext** objects may seem somewhat roundabout. Strictly
+speaking, the InputContext is not necessary, but it intends to illustrate a
+couple of things.
+
+In a web browser, the DOM translates key presses into "key down" and "key up"
+events. But in an arcade cabinet, buttons are simply switches that are either
+make or break when the circuit reads them. The virtual hardware tries to simulate
+that.
+
+But it's still useful for the game code to see "button pressed" as events.
+So it's the job of InputContext to synthesize those button level changes back
+into events for the game reducers.
+
+The **virtual hardware** tries to simulate the basic circuitry of a video game
+arcade cabinet, including the screen (as a canvas) and the controls (as switches
+whose make or break state is reflected in a boolean value). It generates
+events when a new video frame is ready to be displayed, and when a coin is
+inserted.
+
+Finally, the **main driver** sets up the virtual hardware, hooking up the events
+to a Redux store; subscribes to the store to update the video display.
+
+Further reading
+---------------
+
+* A couple of years ago I was motivated to finally write down my
+ formulation of [A Basic Theory of Video Games][], which I had been
+ thinking about on-and-off for many years beforehand.
+* Earlier this year I tried to refine the ideas there into a more
+ formal model that I called [Nested Modal Transducers][].
+* Many years previous to these, James Hague wrote a series of articles about
+ [Purely Functional Retrogames][], which touches on a few of the
+ same issues.
+* John Earnest's [Deep: A Postmortem][] also touches on a few of the same
+ issues.
+
+[immutable data]: https://facebook.github.io/immutable-js/
+[reducers]: https://redux.js.org/basics/reducers
+[Immutable.js]: https://facebook.github.io/immutable-js/
+[Redux.js]: https://redux.js.org/
+[Nested Modal Transducers]: https://github.com/catseye/Nested-Modal-Transducers/
+[A Basic Theory of Video Games]: http://catseye.tc/view/The-Dossier/article/A%20Basic%20Theory%20of%20Video%20Games.md
+[Purely Functional Retrogames]: https://prog21.dadgum.com/23.html
+[Deep: A Postmortem]: https://github.com/JohnEarnest/Mako/blob/97b9796ff5c9f9ba0221ccbf5207cea4567d8daf/docs/postmortem-Deep.md
diff --git a/contrib/immutable-3.8.2/LICENSE b/contrib/immutable-3.8.2/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cde61b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/immutable-3.8.2/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2014-present, Facebook, Inc.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/contrib/immutable-3.8.2/dist/immutable.min.js b/contrib/immutable-3.8.2/dist/immutable.min.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d6da93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/immutable-3.8.2/dist/immutable.min.js
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2014-present, Facebook, Inc.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in same directory this file resides in.
+ */
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+},takeWhile:function(t,e){return be(this,ve(this,t,e))},takeUntil:function(t,e){return this.takeWhile($e(t),e)},valueSeq:function(){return this.toIndexedSeq()},hashCode:function(){return this.__hash||(this.__hash=ir(this))}});var sn=e.prototype;sn[ar]=!0,sn[br]=sn.values,sn.__toJS=sn.toArray,sn.__toStringMapper=er,sn.inspect=sn.toSource=function(){return""+this},sn.chain=sn.flatMap,sn.contains=sn.includes,Fe(r,{flip:function(){return be(this,se(this))},mapEntries:function(t,e){var r=this,n=0;return be(this,this.toSeq().map(function(i,o){return t.call(e,[o,i],n++,r)}).fromEntrySeq())},mapKeys:function(t,e){var r=this;return be(this,this.toSeq().flip().map(function(n,i){return t.call(e,n,i,r)}).flip())}});var an=r.prototype;an[hr]=!0,an[br]=sn.entries,an.__toJS=sn.toObject,an.__toStringMapper=function(t,e){return JSON.stringify(e)+": "+er(t)},Fe(n,{toKeyedSeq:function(){return new ne(this,!1)},filter:function(t,e){return be(this,fe(this,t,e,!1))},findIndex:function(t,e){var r=this.findEntry(t,e);return r?r[0]:-1},indexOf:function(t){var e=this.keyOf(t);return void 0===e?-1:e},lastIndexOf:function(t){var e=this.lastKeyOf(t);return void 0===e?-1:e},reverse:function(){return be(this,he(this,!1))},slice:function(t,e){return be(this,pe(this,t,e,!1))},splice:function(t,e){var r=arguments.length;if(e=Math.max(0|e,0),0===r||2===r&&!e)return this;t=m(t,0>t?this.count():this.size);var n=this.slice(0,t);return be(this,1===r?n:n.concat(p(arguments,2),this.slice(t+e)))},findLastIndex:function(t,e){var r=this.findLastEntry(t,e);return r?r[0]:-1},first:function(){return this.get(0)},flatten:function(t){return be(this,de(this,t,!1))},get:function(t,e){return t=l(this,t),0>t||this.size===1/0||void 0!==this.size&&t>this.size?e:this.find(function(e,r){return r===t},void 0,e)},has:function(t){return t=l(this,t),t>=0&&(void 0!==this.size?this.size===1/0||this.size>t:-1!==this.indexOf(t))},interpose:function(t){return be(this,ge(this,t))},interleave:function(){var t=[this].concat(p(arguments)),e=Ie(this.toSeq(),k.of,t),r=e.flatten(!0);return e.size&&(r.size=e.size*t.length),
+be(this,r)},keySeq:function(){return $(0,this.size)},last:function(){return this.get(-1)},skipWhile:function(t,e){return be(this,le(this,t,e,!1))},zip:function(){var t=[this].concat(p(arguments));return be(this,Ie(this,rr,t))},zipWith:function(t){var e=p(arguments);return e[0]=this,be(this,Ie(this,t,e))}}),n.prototype[fr]=!0,n.prototype[cr]=!0,Fe(i,{get:function(t,e){return this.has(t)?t:e},includes:function(t){return this.has(t)},keySeq:function(){return this.valueSeq()}}),i.prototype.has=sn.includes,i.prototype.contains=i.prototype.includes,Fe(x,r.prototype),Fe(k,n.prototype),Fe(A,i.prototype),Fe(et,r.prototype),Fe(rt,n.prototype),Fe(nt,i.prototype);var hn={Iterable:e,Seq:O,Collection:tt,Map:ct,OrderedMap:Zt,List:Bt,Stack:Ve,Set:Le,OrderedSet:Je,Record:Ae,Range:$,Repeat:G,is:X,fromJS:H};return hn});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/contrib/redux-4.0.1/LICENSE.md b/contrib/redux-4.0.1/LICENSE.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55bc8df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/redux-4.0.1/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2015-present Dan Abramov
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/contrib/redux-4.0.1/dist/redux.min.js b/contrib/redux-4.0.1/dist/redux.min.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..389b42d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/redux-4.0.1/dist/redux.min.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+!function(e,t){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?t(exports):"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(["exports"],t):t(e.Redux={})}(this,function(e){"use strict";var t=function(e){var t,r=e.Symbol;return"function"==typeof r?r.observable?t=r.observable:(t=r("observable"),r.observable=t):t="@@observable",t}("undefined"!=typeof self?self:"undefined"!=typeof window?window:"undefined"!=typeof global?global:"undefined"!=typeof module?module:Function("return this")()),r=function(){return Math.random().toString(36).substring(7).split("").join(".")},n={INIT:"@@redux/INIT"+r(),REPLACE:"@@redux/REPLACE"+r(),PROBE_UNKNOWN_ACTION:function(){return"@@redux/PROBE_UNKNOWN_ACTION"+r()}};function o(e,t){var r=t&&t.type;return"Given "+(r&&'action "'+r+'"'||"an action")+', reducer "'+e+'" returned undefined. To ignore an action, you must explicitly return the previous state. If you want this reducer to hold no value, you can return null instead of undefined.'}function i(e,t){return function(){return t(e.apply(this,arguments))}}function u(e,t,r){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r,e}function a(){for(var e=arguments.length,t=Array(e),r=0;e>r;r++)t[r]=arguments[r];return 0===t.length?function(e){return e}:1===t.length?t[0]:t.reduce(function(e,t){return function(){return e(t.apply(void 0,arguments))}})}e.createStore=function e(r,o,i){var u;if("function"==typeof o&&"function"==typeof i||"function"==typeof i&&"function"==typeof arguments[3])throw Error("It looks like you are passing several store enhancers to createStore(). This is not supported. Instead, compose them together to a single function");if("function"==typeof o&&void 0===i&&(i=o,o=void 0),void 0!==i){if("function"!=typeof i)throw Error("Expected the enhancer to be a function.");return i(e)(r,o)}if("function"!=typeof r)throw Error("Expected the reducer to be a function.");var a=r,c=o,f=[],s=f,d=!1;function l(){s===f&&(s=f.slice())}function p(){if(d)throw Error("You may not call store.getState() while the reducer is executing. The reducer has already received the state as an argument. Pass it down from the top reducer instead of reading it from the store.");return c}function h(e){if("function"!=typeof e)throw Error("Expected the listener to be a function.");if(d)throw Error("You may not call store.subscribe() while the reducer is executing. If you would like to be notified after the store has been updated, subscribe from a component and invoke store.getState() in the callback to access the latest state. See https://redux.js.org/api-reference/store#subscribe(listener) for more details.");var t=!0;return l(),s.push(e),function(){if(t){if(d)throw Error("You may not unsubscribe from a store listener while the reducer is executing. See https://redux.js.org/api-reference/store#subscribe(listener) for more details.");t=!1,l();var r=s.indexOf(e);s.splice(r,1)}}}function y(e){if(!function(e){if("object"!=typeof e||null===e)return!1;for(var t=e;null!==Object.getPrototypeOf(t);)t=Object.getPrototypeOf(t);return Object.getPrototypeOf(e)===t}(e))throw Error("Actions must be plain objects. Use custom middleware for async actions.");if(void 0===e.type)throw Error('Actions may not have an undefined "type" property. Have you misspelled a constant?');if(d)throw Error("Reducers may not dispatch actions.");try{d=!0,c=a(c,e)}finally{d=!1}for(var t=f=s,r=0;t.length>r;r++)(0,t[r])();return e}return y({type:n.INIT}),(u={dispatch:y,subscribe:h,getState:p,replaceReducer:function(e){if("function"!=typeof e)throw Error("Expected the nextReducer to be a function.");a=e,y({type:n.REPLACE})}})[t]=function(){var e,r=h;return(e={subscribe:function(e){if("object"!=typeof e||null===e)throw new TypeError("Expected the observer to be an object.");function t(){e.next&&e.next(p())}return t(),{unsubscribe:r(t)}}})[t]=function(){return this},e},u},e.combineReducers=function(e){for(var t=Object.keys(e),r={},i=0;t.length>i;i++){var u=t[i];"function"==typeof e[u]&&(r[u]=e[u])}var a,c=Object.keys(r);try{!function(e){Object.keys(e).forEach(function(t){var r=e[t];if(void 0===r(void 0,{type:n.INIT}))throw Error('Reducer "'+t+"\" returned undefined during initialization. If the state passed to the reducer is undefined, you must explicitly return the initial state. The initial state may not be undefined. If you don't want to set a value for this reducer, you can use null instead of undefined.");if(void 0===r(void 0,{type:n.PROBE_UNKNOWN_ACTION()}))throw Error('Reducer "'+t+"\" returned undefined when probed with a random type. Don't try to handle "+n.INIT+' or other actions in "redux/*" namespace. They are considered private. Instead, you must return the current state for any unknown actions, unless it is undefined, in which case you must return the initial state, regardless of the action type. The initial state may not be undefined, but can be null.')})}(r)}catch(e){a=e}return function(e,t){if(void 0===e&&(e={}),a)throw a;for(var n=!1,i={},u=0;c.length>u;u++){var f=c[u],s=e[f],d=(0,r[f])(s,t);if(void 0===d){var l=o(f,t);throw Error(l)}i[f]=d,n=n||d!==s}return n?i:e}},e.bindActionCreators=function(e,t){if("function"==typeof e)return i(e,t);if("object"!=typeof e||null===e)throw Error("bindActionCreators expected an object or a function, instead received "+(null===e?"null":typeof e)+'. Did you write "import ActionCreators from" instead of "import * as ActionCreators from"?');for(var r=Object.keys(e),n={},o=0;r.length>o;o++){var u=r[o],a=e[u];"function"==typeof a&&(n[u]=i(a,t))}return n},e.applyMiddleware=function(){for(var e=arguments.length,t=Array(e),r=0;e>r;r++)t[r]=arguments[r];return function(e){return function(){var r=e.apply(void 0,arguments),n=function(){throw Error("Dispatching while constructing your middleware is not allowed. Other middleware would not be applied to this dispatch.")},o={getState:r.getState,dispatch:function(){return n.apply(void 0,arguments)}},i=t.map(function(e){return e(o)});return function(e){for(var t=1;arguments.length>t;t++){var r=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{},n=Object.keys(r);"function"==typeof Object.getOwnPropertySymbols&&(n=n.concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(r).filter(function(e){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(r,e).enumerable}))),n.forEach(function(t){u(e,t,r[t])})}return e}({},r,{dispatch:n=a.apply(void 0,i)(r.dispatch)})}}},e.compose=a,e.__DO_NOT_USE__ActionTypes=n,Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})});
diff --git a/demo/cosmos-boulders.html b/demo/cosmos-boulders.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb2bb41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/demo/cosmos-boulders.html
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <title>Cosmos Boulders</title>
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+ <style>
+canvas { border: 1px solid blue; }
+ </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+<h1>Cosmos Boulders</h1>
+
+<article>
+ <div id="installation">
+ </div>
+ <div>
+ <p>Key bindings:</p>
+ <ul>
+ <li>Insert coin: <strong>5</strong></li>
+ <li>Start: <strong>1</strong></li>
+ <li>Fire: <strong>Ctrl</strong> (left or right)</li>
+ <li>Thrust: <strong>Up Arrow</strong></li>
+ <li>Rotate Left: <strong>Left Arrow</strong></li>
+ <li>Rotate Right: <strong>Right Arrow</strong></li>
+ </ul>
+</article>
+
+<script src="../contrib/immutable-3.8.2/dist/immutable.min.js"></script>
+<script src="../contrib/redux-4.0.1/dist/redux.min.js"></script>
+<script src="../src/cosmos-boulders.js"></script>
+
+<script>
+ launch({ container: document.getElementById("installation") });
+</script>
+
+</body>
diff --git a/doc/cosmos-boulders.smcat b/doc/cosmos-boulders.smcat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd6cdc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/cosmos-boulders.smcat
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+"game operational" {
+ "attract mode" {
+ "title screen" => "high scores": timeout;
+ "high scores" => "title screen": timeout;
+ },
+ "game on" {
+ "missile (many)" {
+ m_moving [label="moving"], m_gone [label="gone"];
+ "m_moving" => "m_gone" : collision;
+ },
+ "boulder (many)" {
+ a_appearing [label="appearing"],
+ a_moving [label="moving"],
+ a_exploding [label="exploding"],
+ a_gone [label="gone"];
+ "a_appearing" => "a_moving": timeout;
+ "a_moving" => "a_exploding": collision;
+ "a_exploding" => "a_gone": timeout;
+ };
+ "get ready" => "playing" : timeout;
+ "playing" => "player exploding" : collision / lives -=1;
+ "player exploding" => "get ready" : timeout [lives>0];
+ "player exploding" => "game over" : timeout [lives=0];
+ },
+ "game over";
+ initial => "title screen";
+ "attract mode" => "get ready" : start game [credits>0] / credits-=1, lives=3;
+ "game over" => "title screen" : timeout;
+};
+"game operational" => "game operational": insert coin / credits+=1;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/images/cosmos-boulders-screenshot.png b/images/cosmos-boulders-screenshot.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..614cf27
Binary files /dev/null and b/images/cosmos-boulders-screenshot.png differ
diff --git a/images/state-machine-diagram.png b/images/state-machine-diagram.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df4a3db
Binary files /dev/null and b/images/state-machine-diagram.png differ
diff --git a/src/cosmos-boulders.js b/src/cosmos-boulders.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1686aaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/cosmos-boulders.js
@@ -0,0 +1,753 @@
+function launch(config) {
+
+
+var SCREEN_WIDTH = 640;
+var SCREEN_HEIGHT = 400;
+
+
+/* --[ Utility functions ]-------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+
+function degreesToRadians(deg) {
+ return (deg / 360) * Math.PI * 2;
+}
+
+
+function sign(n) {
+ return n > 0 ? 1 : (n < 0 ? -1 : 0);
+}
+
+
+function cap(n, absMax) {
+ if (Math.abs(n) > absMax) {
+ return absMax * sign(n);
+ } else {
+ return n;
+ }
+}
+
+
+function updatePosition(obj) {
+ var nx = (obj.get("x") + obj.get("vx"));
+ while (nx > SCREEN_WIDTH) nx -= SCREEN_WIDTH;
+ while (nx < 0) nx += SCREEN_WIDTH;
+ var ny = (obj.get("y") + obj.get("vy"));
+ while (ny > SCREEN_HEIGHT) ny -= SCREEN_HEIGHT;
+ while (ny < 0) ny += SCREEN_HEIGHT;
+ return obj.set("x", nx).set("y", ny);
+}
+
+
+function decr(x) {
+ return x - 1;
+}
+
+
+function incr(x) {
+ return x + 1;
+}
+
+
+function countDown(obj, callback) {
+ var obj2 = obj.update("timer", decr);
+ if (obj2.get("timer") <= 0) {
+ return callback(obj2);
+ } else {
+ return obj2;
+ }
+}
+
+
+function countDownToMode(obj, toMode) {
+ return countDown(obj, function(obj2) {
+ return obj2.set("mode", toMode);
+ });
+}
+
+
+function fireWentDown(action) {
+ return (!action.prev.firePressed) && action.firePressed;
+}
+
+
+function fireWentUp(action) {
+ return action.prev.firePressed && (!action.firePressed);
+}
+
+
+/* --[ Player objects ]-------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+
+function resetPlayer(player) {
+ return player.set("x", SCREEN_WIDTH / 2)
+ .set("y", SCREEN_HEIGHT / 2)
+ .set("vx", 0.0)
+ .set("vy", 0.0)
+ .set("ax", 0.0)
+ .set("ay", 0.0)
+ // h (heading) is measured in degrees. So, E is 0, S is 90, W is 180, and N is 270.
+ .set("h", 270)
+ .set("dh", 0)
+ // f (force) is in the direction of h
+ .set("f", 0)
+ .set("mode", 'GET_READY') // GET_READY | PLAYING | EXPLODING | GONE
+ // generally speaking, this is how many more steps it shall remain in the present mode
+ .set("timer", 200);
+}
+
+
+function makePlayer() {
+ return resetPlayer(Immutable.Map({
+ score: 0,
+ lives: 2,
+ mass: 1.0
+ }));
+}
+
+
+// Reducer that takes a Player and an Action and returns a new Player.
+// Action must be one of: STEP | SCORE_POINTS | EXPLODE | CONTROLS_CHANGED
+function updatePlayer(player, action) {
+ if (typeof player === 'undefined') return makePlayer();
+
+ if (action.type === 'STEP') {
+ return updatePlayerForStep(player);
+ } else if (action.type === 'SCORE_POINTS') {
+ return player.set("score", player.get("score") + 10);
+ } else if (action.type === 'EXPLODE') {
+ return player.set("mode", 'EXPLODING').set("timer", 50);
+ } else if (action.type === 'CONTROLS_CHANGED') {
+ if (player.get("mode") === 'PLAYING') {
+ return player.set("dh", action.leftPressed ? -5 : (action.rightPressed ? 5 : 0))
+ .set("f", action.thrustPressed ? 0.05 : 0.0);
+ } else if (player.get("mode") === 'GET_READY' && fireWentUp(action)) {
+ return player.set("dh", 0).set("f", 0).set("mode", 'PLAYING');
+ } else {
+ return player.set("dh", 0).set("f", 0);
+ }
+ }
+ throw new Error("Unhandled action: " + action.type);
+}
+
+
+// Extracted from updatePlayer to avoid gigantic sprawling functions
+function updatePlayerForStep(player) {
+ if (player.get("mode") === 'GET_READY') {
+ return countDownToMode(player, 'PLAYING');
+ } else if (player.get("mode") == 'PLAYING') {
+ var player2 = updatePosition(player).set("vx", cap(player.get("vx") + player.get("ax"), 6))
+ .set("vy", cap(player.get("vy") + player.get("ay"), 6))
+ .set("h", player.get("h") + player.get("dh"));
+ var f = player.get("f");
+ if (f > 0) { // thrusters on
+ var theta = degreesToRadians(player.get("h"));
+ var fx = Math.cos(theta) * f;
+ var fy = Math.sin(theta) * f;
+
+ // F=ma, so a = F/m
+ var m = player.get("mass");
+ return player2.set("ax", fx * m).set("ay", fy * m);
+ } else {
+ // no force, thus, no acceleration.
+ return player2.set("ax", 0).set("ay", 0);
+ }
+ } else if (player.get("mode") === 'EXPLODING') {
+ return countDown(player, function(player) {
+ if (player.get("lives") > 0) {
+ return resetPlayer(player.update("lives", decr));
+ } else {
+ return player.set("mode", 'GONE');
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ throw new Error("Unhandled mode: " + player.get("mode"));
+}
+
+
+/* --[ Missile objects ]-------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+
+function makeMissile(x, y, vx, vy) {
+ return Immutable.Map({
+ x: x,
+ y: y,
+ vx: vx,
+ vy: vy,
+ mode: 'MOVING', // MOVING | GONE
+ timer: 50
+ });
+}
+
+
+// Reducer that takes a Missile and an Action and returns a new Missile.
+// Action must be one of: STEP | EXPLODE
+function updateMissile(missile, action) {
+ if (action.type === 'STEP') {
+ if (missile.get("mode") === 'MOVING') {
+ return countDownToMode(updatePosition(missile), 'GONE');
+ } else {
+ return missile;
+ }
+ } else if (action.type === 'EXPLODE') {
+ if (missile.get("mode") === 'MOVING') {
+ return missile.set("mode", 'GONE').set("timer", 50);
+ } else {
+ return missile;
+ }
+ }
+ throw new Error("Unhandled action: " + action.type);
+}
+
+
+/* --[ Boulder objects ]-------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+
+function makeBoulder(i) {
+ return Immutable.Map({
+ x: Math.floor(Math.random() * SCREEN_WIDTH),
+ y: Math.floor(Math.random() * SCREEN_HEIGHT),
+ vx: Math.random() - 1.0,
+ vy: Math.random() - 1.0,
+ mode: 'APPEARING', // APPEARING | MOVING | EXPLODING | GONE
+ timer: 60
+ });
+}
+
+
+function makeBoulders() {
+ var boulders = [];
+ for (var i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+ boulders.push(makeBoulder(i));
+ }
+ return Immutable.List(boulders);
+}
+
+
+// Reducer that takes a Boulder and an Action and returns a new Boulder.
+// Action must be one of: STEP | EXPLODE
+function updateBoulder(boulder, action) {
+ if (action.type === 'STEP') {
+ if (boulder.get("mode") === 'APPEARING') {
+ return countDownToMode(boulder, 'MOVING');
+ } else if (boulder.get("mode") === 'MOVING') {
+ return updatePosition(boulder);
+ } else if (boulder.get("mode") === 'EXPLODING') {
+ return countDownToMode(boulder, 'GONE');
+ } else {
+ return boulder;
+ }
+ } else if (action.type === 'EXPLODE') {
+ if (boulder.get("mode") === 'MOVING') {
+ return boulder.set("mode", 'EXPLODING').set("timer", 50);
+ } else {
+ return boulder;
+ }
+ }
+ throw new Error("Unhandled action: " + action.type);
+}
+
+
+/* --[ Game objects ]-------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+
+function resetGame(game) {
+ return game.set("player", makePlayer())
+ .set("boulders", makeBoulders())
+ .set("missiles", Immutable.List())
+ .set("mode", 'ATTRACT_TITLE') // ATTRACT_TITLE | ATTRACT_HISCORES | GAME_ON | GAME_OVER
+ .set("timer", 400);
+}
+
+
+function makeGame() {
+ return resetGame(Immutable.Map({
+ credits: 0,
+ highScore: 0,
+ timer: null
+ }));
+}
+
+
+// Reducer that takes a Game and an Action and returns a new Game.
+// Action must be one of: FRAME_READY | CONTROLS_CHANGED | COIN_INSERTED
+function updateGame(game, action) {
+ if (typeof game === 'undefined') return makeGame();
+
+ if (action.type === 'FRAME_READY') {
+ if (game.get("mode") === 'GAME_ON') {
+ var player = updatePlayer(game.get("player"), { 'type': 'STEP' });
+
+ var boulders = game.get("boulders").map(function(boulder) {
+ return updateBoulder(boulder, { 'type': 'STEP' });
+ });
+
+ var missiles = game.get("missiles").reduce(function(accum, missile) {
+ var missile2 = updateMissile(missile, { 'type': 'STEP' });
+ if (missile2.get("mode") == 'GONE') {
+ return accum;
+ } else {
+ return accum.push(missile2);
+ }
+ }, Immutable.List());
+
+ var collisionResult = detectCollisions(player, missiles, boulders);
+ var player2 = collisionResult[0];
+ var missiles2 = collisionResult[1];
+ var boulders2 = collisionResult[2];
+
+ /* Assemble new game state from all that */
+ var game2;
+ if (player2.get("mode") === 'GONE') {
+ game2 = game.set("mode", 'GAME_OVER')
+ .set("timer", 100)
+ .set("highScore", player2.get("score") > game.get("highScore") ? player2.get("score") : game.get("highScore"));
+ } else {
+ game2 = game;
+ }
+ return game2.set("player", player2)
+ .set("boulders", boulders2.size === 0 ? makeBoulders() : boulders2)
+ .set("missiles", missiles2);
+ } else if (game.get("mode") === 'GAME_OVER') {
+ var game2 = game.update("timer", decr);
+ if (game2.get("timer") <= 0) {
+ return resetGame(game2);
+ } else {
+ return game2;
+ }
+ } else if (game.get("mode") === 'ATTRACT_TITLE') {
+ if (game.get("credits") > 0) {
+ return game;
+ } else {
+ return countDown(game, function(game) {
+ return game.set("mode", 'ATTRACT_HISCORES').set("timer", 400);
+ });
+ }
+ } else if (game.get("mode") === 'ATTRACT_HISCORES') {
+ return countDown(game, function(game) {
+ return game.set("mode", 'ATTRACT_TITLE').set("timer", 400);
+ });
+ }
+ throw new Error("Unhandled mode: " + game.get("mode"));
+ } else if (action.type === 'CONTROLS_CHANGED') {
+ if (game.get("mode") === 'ATTRACT_TITLE' || game.get("mode") === 'ATTRACT_HISCORES') {
+ if (action.prev.startPressed && (!action.startPressed)) {
+ if (game.get("credits") > 0) {
+ var player = resetPlayer(game.get("player"));
+ return game.set("player", player).update("credits", decr).set("mode", 'GAME_ON');
+ } else {
+ return game;
+ }
+ } else {
+ return game;
+ }
+ } else if (game.get("mode") === 'GAME_ON') {
+ var player = game.get("player");
+ if (fireWentDown(action) && player.get("mode") === 'PLAYING') {
+ var mx = player.get("x");
+ var my = player.get("y");
+ var h = player.get("h");
+ var mv = 2.0;
+ var mvx = Math.cos(degreesToRadians(h)) * mv;
+ var mvy = Math.sin(degreesToRadians(h)) * mv;
+ return game.update("missiles", function(m) {
+ return m.push(makeMissile(mx, my, mvx, mvy));
+ });
+ } else {
+ return game.set("player", updatePlayer(game.get("player"), action));
+ }
+ } else if (game.get("mode") === 'GAME_OVER') {
+ return game;
+ }
+ throw new Error("Unhandled mode: " + game.get("mode"));
+ } else if (action.type === 'COIN_INSERTED') {
+ var game2 = game.update("credits", incr);
+ if (game2.get("mode") === 'ATTRACT_HISCORES') {
+ return game2.set("mode", 'ATTRACT_TITLE');
+ } else {
+ return game2;
+ }
+ }
+ throw new Error("Unhandled action: " + action.type);
+}
+
+
+// Extracted from updateGame to avoid gigantic sprawling functions.
+// Returns an array of 3 items: new Player, new List of Missiles, new List of Boulders.
+function detectCollisions(player, missiles, boulders) {
+ return boulders.reduce(function(accum, boulder) {
+ if (boulder.get("mode") == 'GONE') {
+ return accum;
+ } else if (boulder.get("mode") == 'MOVING') {
+ var player = accum[0];
+ var missiles = accum[1];
+ var boulders = accum[2];
+ /* 1. Check collision with player */
+ if (player.get("mode") === 'PLAYING' &&
+ Math.abs(player.get("x") - boulder.get("x")) < 10 &&
+ Math.abs(player.get("y") + 5 - boulder.get("y")) < 10) {
+ return [
+ updatePlayer(player, { type: 'EXPLODE' }),
+ missiles,
+ boulders.push(updateBoulder(boulder, { 'type': 'EXPLODE' }))
+ ];
+ }
+ /* 2. Check collision with any missile */
+ var missileCollisionResult = missiles.reduce(function(accum, missile) {
+ var player = accum[0];
+ var boulder = accum[1];
+ var missiles = accum[2];
+ if (Math.abs(missile.get("x") - boulder.get("x")) < 10 &&
+ Math.abs(missile.get("y") - boulder.get("y")) < 10) {
+ return [
+ updatePlayer(player, { type: 'SCORE_POINTS' }),
+ updateBoulder(boulder, { type: 'EXPLODE' }),
+ missiles.push(updateMissile(missile, { 'type': 'EXPLODE' }))
+ ];
+ } else {
+ return [player, boulder, missiles.push(missile)];
+ }
+ }, [player, boulder, Immutable.List()]);
+ return [missileCollisionResult[0], missileCollisionResult[2], boulders.push(missileCollisionResult[1])];
+ } else {
+ return [accum[0], accum[1], accum[2].push(boulder)];
+ }
+ }, [player, missiles, Immutable.List()]);
+}
+
+
+/* --[ InputContext objects ]-------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+
+function makeInputContext() {
+ return Immutable.Map({
+ game: makeGame(),
+ leftPressed: false,
+ rightPressed: false,
+ thrustPressed: false,
+ firePressed: false
+ });
+}
+
+
+// Reducer that takes an InputContext and an Action and returns a new InputContext.
+// Action must be one of: FRAME_READY | COIN_INSERTED
+function updateInputContext(inputContext, action) {
+ if (typeof inputContext === 'undefined') return makeInputContext();
+
+ var game = inputContext.get("game");
+
+ if (action.type === 'FRAME_READY') {
+ var leftPressed = inputContext.get("leftPressed");
+ var rightPressed = inputContext.get("rightPressed");
+ var thrustPressed = inputContext.get("thrustPressed");
+ var firePressed = inputContext.get("firePressed");
+ var startPressed = inputContext.get("startPressed");
+
+ if (action.leftPressed !== leftPressed ||
+ action.rightPressed !== rightPressed ||
+ action.thrustPressed !== thrustPressed ||
+ action.firePressed !== firePressed ||
+ action.startPressed !== startPressed) {
+ var action = {
+ type: "CONTROLS_CHANGED",
+ leftPressed: action.leftPressed,
+ rightPressed: action.rightPressed,
+ thrustPressed: action.thrustPressed,
+ firePressed: action.firePressed,
+ startPressed: action.startPressed,
+ prev: {
+ leftPressed: leftPressed,
+ rightPressed: rightPressed,
+ thrustPressed: thrustPressed,
+ firePressed: firePressed,
+ startPressed: startPressed
+ }
+ };
+ game = updateGame(game, action);
+ }
+
+ game = updateGame(game, { type: "FRAME_READY" });
+
+ return inputContext.set("game", game)
+ .set("leftPressed", action.leftPressed)
+ .set("rightPressed", action.rightPressed)
+ .set("thrustPressed", action.thrustPressed)
+ .set("firePressed", action.firePressed)
+ .set("startPressed", action.startPressed);
+ } else if (action.type === 'COIN_INSERTED') {
+ return inputContext.set("game", updateGame(game, action));
+ }
+ throw new Error("Unhandled action: " + action.type);
+}
+
+
+/* --[ Display functions ]-------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+
+function drawPlayer(player, ctx) {
+ var mode = player.get("mode");
+
+ if (mode === 'GET_READY') {
+ ctx.font = "16px sans-serif";
+ ctx.textBaseline = "bottom";
+ ctx.textAlign = "center";
+ ctx.fillStyle = "white";
+ ctx.fillText("Get Ready!", canvas.width / 2, canvas.height * 0.25);
+ }
+
+ var x = player.get("x");
+ var y = player.get("y");
+
+ ctx.save();
+ ctx.translate(x, y);
+
+ if (mode === 'GONE') {
+ return;
+ } else if (mode === 'EXPLODING') {
+ ctx.beginPath();
+ ctx.fillStyle = "black";
+ ctx.arc(Math.floor(Math.random() * 16) - 8, Math.floor(Math.random() * 16) - 8, 4, 0, Math.PI * 2, false);
+ ctx.fill();
+ } else {
+ var theta = degreesToRadians(player.get("h"));
+ ctx.rotate(theta + (Math.PI / 2));
+
+ if (mode === 'GET_READY') {
+ if (Math.floor(player.get("timer") / 10) % 2 === 0) {
+ ctx.fillStyle = 'green';
+ } else {
+ ctx.fillStyle = 'blue';
+ }
+ } else {
+ ctx.fillStyle = "red";
+ }
+ ctx.beginPath();
+ ctx.moveTo(-10, 10);
+ ctx.lineTo(0, -10);
+ ctx.lineTo(10, 10);
+ ctx.lineTo(-10, 10);
+ ctx.fill();
+
+ if (player.get("f") > 0) {
+ ctx.beginPath();
+ ctx.fillStyle = "yellow";
+ ctx.moveTo(-5, 10);
+ ctx.lineTo(5, 10);
+ ctx.lineTo(0, 15);
+ ctx.lineTo(-5, 10);
+ ctx.fill();
+ }
+ }
+
+ ctx.restore();
+}
+
+
+function drawMissile(missile, ctx) {
+ var mode = missile.get("mode")
+ var x = missile.get("x")
+ var y = missile.get("y")
+
+ if (mode === 'GONE') {
+ return;
+ } else if (mode === 'EXPLODING') {
+ ctx.beginPath();
+ ctx.fillStyle = "white";
+ ctx.arc(x + Math.floor(Math.random() * 16) - 8, y + Math.floor(Math.random() * 16) - 8, 4, 0, Math.PI * 2, false);
+ ctx.fill();
+ } else {
+ ctx.beginPath();
+ ctx.strokeStyle = "blue";
+ ctx.lineWidth = 3;
+ ctx.moveTo(x - 2, y);
+ ctx.lineTo(x + 2, y);
+ ctx.stroke();
+ }
+}
+
+
+function drawBoulder(boulder, ctx) {
+ var mode = boulder.get("mode")
+ var x = boulder.get("x")
+ var y = boulder.get("y")
+
+ if (mode === 'GONE') {
+ return;
+ } else if (mode === 'APPEARING') {
+ ctx.beginPath();
+ ctx.strokeStyle = "white";
+ ctx.lineWidth = 1;
+ var timer = boulder.get("timer");
+ ctx.arc(x, y, timer % 10, 0, Math.PI * 2, false);
+ ctx.stroke();
+ } else if (mode === 'EXPLODING') {
+ ctx.beginPath();
+ ctx.fillStyle = "white";
+ ctx.arc(x + Math.floor(Math.random() * 16) - 8, y + Math.floor(Math.random() * 16) - 8, 4, 0, Math.PI * 2, false);
+ ctx.fill();
+ } else {
+ ctx.beginPath();
+ ctx.fillStyle = "yellow";
+ ctx.arc(x, y, 12, 0, Math.PI * 2, false);
+ ctx.fill();
+ }
+}
+
+
+function drawGame(game, canvas, ctx) {
+ var mode = game.get("mode");
+ var player = game.get("player");
+
+ ctx.fillStyle = "brown";
+ ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
+
+ ctx.font = "16px sans-serif";
+ ctx.textBaseline = "bottom";
+ ctx.fillStyle = "white";
+
+ ctx.textAlign = "left";
+ ctx.fillText("Score: " + player.get("score"), 0, canvas.height);
+ ctx.fillText("High Score: " + game.get("highScore"), 0, 16);
+
+ ctx.textAlign = "right";
+ ctx.fillText("Lives: " + player.get("lives"), canvas.width, canvas.height);
+ ctx.fillText("Credits: " + game.get("credits"), canvas.width, 16);
+
+ ctx.textAlign = "center";
+
+ if (mode === 'ATTRACT_TITLE') {
+ ctx.font = "40px sans-serif";
+ ctx.fillText("COSMOS", canvas.width / 2, canvas.height * 0.40);
+ ctx.fillText("BOULDERS", canvas.width / 2, canvas.height * 0.50);
+ ctx.font = "16px sans-serif";
+ if (game.get("credits") > 0) {
+ ctx.fillText("Press Start", canvas.width / 2, canvas.height * 0.66);
+ } else {
+ ctx.fillText("Insert Coin", canvas.width / 2, canvas.height * 0.66);
+ }
+ } else if (mode === 'ATTRACT_HISCORES') {
+ ctx.fillText("High Score for Today:", canvas.width / 2, canvas.height * 0.25);
+ ctx.font = "40px sans-serif";
+ ctx.fillText("" + game.get("highScore"), canvas.width / 2, canvas.height * 0.55);
+ ctx.font = "16px sans-serif";
+ ctx.fillText("Can YOU beat it?", canvas.width / 2, canvas.height * 0.75);
+ } else if (mode === 'GAME_ON') {
+ drawPlayer(player, ctx);
+ game.get("missiles").forEach(function(missile) { drawMissile(missile, ctx); });
+ game.get("boulders").forEach(function(boulder) { drawBoulder(boulder, ctx); });
+ } else if (mode === 'GAME_OVER') {
+ ctx.fillText("Game Over", canvas.width / 2, canvas.height / 2);
+ }
+}
+
+
+/* --[ Virtual Hardware ]-------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+
+var Hardware = function() {
+ this.init = function(config) {
+ this.screen = {};
+ this.screen.canvas = config.canvas;
+ this.screen.ctx = this.screen.canvas.getContext("2d");
+ this.onCoinInserted = config.onCoinInserted;
+
+ this.leftPressed = false;
+ this.rightPressed = false;
+ this.thrustPressed = false;
+ this.firePressed = false;
+ this.startPressed = false;
+
+ this.attachListeners(this.screen.canvas);
+
+ config.onSetup(this);
+
+ var $this = this;
+ var animator;
+ animator = function() {
+ config.onFrameReady($this);
+ requestAnimationFrame(animator);
+ };
+ requestAnimationFrame(animator);
+ };
+
+ this.keyMap = {
+ '1': 'startPressed',
+ 'Control': 'firePressed',
+ 'ArrowLeft': 'leftPressed',
+ 'ArrowUp': 'thrustPressed',
+ 'ArrowRight': 'rightPressed',
+ 49: 'startPressed',
+ 17: 'firePressed',
+ 37: 'leftPressed',
+ 38: 'thrustPressed',
+ 39: 'rightPressed'
+ };
+
+ this.attachListeners = function(element) {
+ var $this = this;
+ element.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {
+ var keyId = event.key || event.keyCode;
+ var u = $this.keyMap[keyId];
+ if (u !== undefined) {
+ $this[u] = true;
+ e.cancelBubble = true;
+ e.preventDefault();
+ }
+ }, true);
+ element.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
+ var keyId = event.key || event.keyCode;
+ var u = $this.keyMap[keyId];
+ if (u !== undefined) {
+ $this[u] = false;
+ e.cancelBubble = true;
+ e.preventDefault();
+ }
+ if (keyId === '5' || keyId === 53) {
+ $this.onCoinInserted($this);
+ }
+ }, true);
+ };
+};
+
+
+/* --[ Main driver ]-------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+
+var canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
+canvas.width = SCREEN_WIDTH;
+canvas.height = SCREEN_HEIGHT;
+canvas.tabIndex = 0;
+config.container.appendChild(canvas);
+
+var store = null;
+(new Hardware()).init({
+ canvas: canvas,
+ onSetup: function(hardware) {
+ store = Redux.createStore(updateInputContext);
+ function render() {
+ drawGame(store.getState().get("game"), hardware.screen.canvas, hardware.screen.ctx);
+ }
+ render();
+ store.subscribe(render);
+ },
+ onFrameReady: function(hardware) {
+ store.dispatch({
+ type: "FRAME_READY",
+ leftPressed: hardware.leftPressed,
+ rightPressed: hardware.rightPressed,
+ thrustPressed: hardware.thrustPressed,
+ firePressed: hardware.firePressed,
+ startPressed: hardware.startPressed
+ });
+ },
+ onCoinInserted: function(hardware) {
+ store.dispatch({
+ type: "COIN_INSERTED"
+ });
+ }
+});
+
+
+canvas.focus();
+
+}